Electrical circuits {logic circuit}| {logic gate} can perform logical operations, such as AND, OR, NOT, NOT OR {NOR gate, circuit}, and NOT AND. For NAND gates, P|Q = NOT(P AND Q). For AND gates, if all inputs are 1, output is 1. For OR gates, if at least one input is 1, output is 1. For inverter gates, if input is 1, output is 0. NAND gates are AND, followed by inverter. NOR gates are OR, followed by inverter [Church, 1956].
Logic circuits {AND gate}| can be equivalent to (A v B) or (A and B). AND gates can have two input voltages, each from ground to reverse diode. Output currents combine at node whose output voltage is across resistor and capacitor, each of which is parallel to input diode. AND gates can have two input voltages, each from ground through resistor to transistor base, which also connects through resistor to ground. One emitter connects to ground, and other emitter connects to first-transistor collector. Output voltage is at second collector, which lies across resistor and capacitor to grounded emitter.
Logic circuits {AND/OR gate} {AND-OR gate}| can have two system inputs, controller input, and output. Output of 2 or 3 sends output. If controller is 0, circuit is AND gate. If controller is 1, circuit is OR gate.
Logic circuits {NEGATIVE AND gate}| {NAND gate} {Sheffer stroke} can be equivalent to ~(A v B) or not (A and B). NEGATIVE AND gates can have two input voltages, each from ground to diode, whose output currents combine at node whose output voltage is across resistor and capacitor to ground. NEGATIVE AND gates can have two input voltages, each from ground to reverse diode, whose output currents combine at node, which connects across resistor to ground and connects to diode. Diode output current goes to transistor base, which connects across resistor to ground. Emitter connects to ground. Output voltage is from collector to grounded emitter, across resistor.
Logic circuits {NEGATIVE OR gate}| {NOR gate, negative or} can be equivalent to ~(A ^ B) or not (A or B). NEGATIVE OR gates can have two input voltages, each from ground to reverse diode, whose output currents combine at node. Node connects across resistor to ground and leads to diode, whose output current goes to transistor base, which connects across resistor to ground. Emitter connects to ground. Output voltage is at collector, which connects across resistor to ground.
Logic circuits {NOT gate}| {inverter circuit} can be equivalent to ~A or not A. NOT gates can have input voltage from ground through resistor to transistor base, which lies across resistor and capacitor to ground. Emitter connects to ground. Output voltage is across capacitor to collector, which connects across diodes and resistors to ground.
Logic circuits {OR gate}| can be equivalent to (A ^ B) or (A OR B). OR gates can have two input voltages, each from ground to diode. Two output currents combine at node whose output voltage is across resistor to ground. OR gates can have two input voltages, each from ground to diode, whose output currents combine at transistor base. Base also connects through resistor and capacitor to ground. Emitter connects to ground. Output voltage is at collector, which connects across resistor and capacitor to grounded emitter.
3-Computer Science-Hardware-Circuit
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Date Modified: 2022.0225